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10.0-Conversion Table

on June 26, 2021

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Conversion Table

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2.3 Boiler LP and HP dosing Calculation

Boiler LP and HP dosing 1. Why chemical dosing required in Boiler? Corrosive components, especially O2 and CO2 have to be removed, usually by use of a deaerator. Remnants can be removed chemically, by use of oxygen scavenger. Feed water has to be alkalized to a pH of 9 or higher, to reduce oxidation and to support the forming of a stable layer of magnetite on the water-side surface of the boiler, protecting the material underneath from further corrosion. This is usually done by dosing alkalis into the feed water, like sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) or volatile ammonia. Conditioning of feed water / steam condensate cycle, to prevent corrosion and scale formation in boiler tubes and headers. Treatment of the boiler feed water . The boiler feed water treatment is normally done with the following chemicals: · Hardness stabilizers · Deflocculating agents · Corrosion inhibitors · Oxygen binding agents (e.g. hydrazine) ·

1.6 Boiler Alkali Boil Out and Steam Blowing

Stages of cleaning process of Boiler: 1. Cold and Hot water flushing Water temperature - 80 to 85 °C Velocity - 0.2 to 1.5 m/sec Flushing period - 15 to 20 min. Flushing process will be repeated until outlet water conductivity reached 30 microsemen/cm. Amonia (0.1%) and hydrazine (100ppm) then added in DM water, recirculated and drained to waste. 2. BOILER ALKALI BOIL OUT PRECHECKS:- 1. The boiler shall be ready in all aspects for steaming to the design capacity and steam parameters. 2. Ensure drum internals including screen boxes are fixed and welding is completed before alkali boil out. 3. Close all sampling points and instrument tapings at sources. Temporary sampling line for alkali boil out is recommended to avoid choking due to loose mill scale, debris, etc. 4. Keep ready the following chemicals :- • Trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4) 4000 ppm The quantity for each boil out shall be estimated 4 x water volume of

4.1 Gas Distribution test in Electrostatic Precipitators

Gas Distribution tests in Electrostatic Precipitators In order to evaluate the uniformity of the distribution of the flue gas in an ESP, offline “Gas Distribution Test” is generally conducted. In this test, the flue gas velocities are measured over the entire cross section of the ESP (generally in the end of first field or in start of second field) and then the coefficient of variation (CV) is calculated which represent the flow variation in the ESP statically. Test Procedure Air flow through the ESP chamber is established by running the ID, FD & PA air fans at suitable loadings. Once the flow is established by preliminary measurement, the loading of fans and furnace draught are recorded so that the same condition can be maintained for all subsequent tests. The velocity measurements are made inside and across the precipitator chamber, between the first and second field, using vane type anemometer. The measurement points are distinctly marked on the trailing edge of th

9.1 Plant Heat Rate & Calculation

What is Heat Rate? The amount of Heat Energy required for getting unit amount of electrical energy. · Unit of HR = Kcal/KWh Theoretical there are two types of Heat rate: · Gross Heat Rate.( Gross power is taken) · Net Heat Rate. (Net power is Taken) Gross Heat Rate: The heat energy in Kcal input required to generate one KWh of electrical energy at generator terminal. Gross Heat rate of a unit = Gross Turbine Heat Rate (Kcal/Kwh) x 100 Boiler Efficiency (%) Where, Gross Turbine Heat Rate = Heat input to Turbine (Kcal) Generation at Generator terminal Net Heat Rate (NHR) The heat energy in Kcal, input to a generating unit to deliver one KWh at the switchyard. = Gross Heat Rate (Kcal/KWh) x 100 (100 – APC in %) The mo

10.1 - Lubricants and its properties, cleanliness, standards

LUBRICANTS A good lubricant generally possesses the following characteristics: · A high boiling point and low freezing point (in order to stay liquid within a wide range of temperature) · A high viscosity index · Thermal stability · Hydraulic stability · Demulsibility · Corrosion prevention · A high resistance to oxidation Please go through this link for to know in detail about Lubrication. " Beyond boundaries: Exploring the secret of Lubrication for Optimal performance" Properties of lubricants: 1. Keep moving part apart. 2. Reduce friction. 3. Transfer heat. 4. Carry away contaminents and debris. 5. Transmit power. 6. Protect against wear. 7. Prevent corrosion. 8. Seal for gases. 9. Stop the risk of smoke and fire. Formulation Typically lubricants contain 90% base oil (most often petroleum fractions, called mineral oils ) and less than 10% additives . Vegetable oils or synthetic liquids such

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10.0-Conversion Table

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